![]() Despite the evident significances of BC in air chemistry and physics, information concerning their spatial and temporal variability is still quite limited.Ĭonsidering the global distribution of black carbon, the black carbon concentrations in the northern hemisphere were significantly higher than that in the southern hemisphere, as well as there is higher black carbon concentration value in eastern China ( Streets et al., 2001). As the result of its catalytic properties, BC may intervene in some important chemical reactions involving atmospheric sulfur dioxide (SO 2), nitrogen oxides (NO x), ozone (O 3) and other gaseous compounds ( Gundel et al., 1989). Moreover, the surface of BC particles contains numerous adsorption sites that are capable of enhancing catalytic processes. Black carbon has many effects (IPCC 2001 Lary et al., 1999), such as harming to human health, changing climatic characteristics, reducing visibility, affecting the atmospheric chemical reaction process, which has become a focus of scientific research in recent years.Īlthough the effect of increasing BC in the atmosphere may be considerable, knowledge of BC concentrations, distributions, characteristics, and potential effects is still seriously lacking. Black carbon particles have received increased interest recently since Hansen et al.( Hansen et al., 2000) indicate that it is perhaps more cost effective to control black carbon particles than CO 2 at the present time. ![]() The increasing demand for energy in the past century has led to a great increase in the rate of BC emissions. Emissions from natural sources such as forest fires are localized and incidental (Bai and Wang, 2005), whereas anthropogenic emissions are widespread and continuous ( Liu et al., 2010 Streets et al., 2001 Xu et al., 2006). This aerosol is usually separated into two main components: one is called the organic carbon (OC) and the other the black carbon (BC) component. It mainly resides in the submicron particle size range. Its shape, size and origins are extremely variable depending on the different type of fuels, combustion processes, and the age and history of air masses. The main natural sources of black carbon are volcanic eruptions, forest fires, etc. Holding a Bachelor of Photography from Central Academy of Fine Arts in China and a Master of Photography from Scuola Romana di Fotografia e Cinema in Italy, her work has been exhibited at 24P Studio in Paris, Galerie Joseph in Paris and China abC Art Book Fair in Beijing, among others.Ĭlick here to follow Tang Nanjing on Instagram.Black carbon is a kind of amorphous carbon particles, which was formed by incomplete combustion of carbonaceous substance ( Andreae et al., 1984 Bond and Bergstrom, 2006 Hansen and Rosen, 1984 Hansen et al., 1988 Penner et al., 1993). ![]() Tang Nanjing’s work focuses on urban landscapes and finding commonalities between different regions. But for Nanjing, their apparent disinterest in the ideals of yore offers an opportunity for reflection and a promise of future connections across national boundaries. Our collectivist deities have seemingly abandoned the modernist project, leaving us little but deteriorating playgrounds, empty plazas and destitution in their wake. ![]() Indeed, for a European continent ravaged by the horrors of World War II, these cement mastodonts provided stability and social coherence to those terrified at the mere suggestion of bombers hanging above the clouds. Fast-forwarding to present day, these areas have since decayed considerably, often suffering from poverty and crime. Rediscovering the distinctly internationalist sentiments of forgotten homelands, Tang Nanjing’s Entré Le Béton (2018-19) explores the feeling of ‘ Saudade’, a Portuguese term describing the mixture of melancholy and hope these buildings can evoke. ![]() To the contemporary eye, the architectural modernism of the 1950-70’s may now be retroactively linked to the decline of the post-war welfare state, but the extent to which these towering structures continuously provide social housing for less affluent communities in the French suburbs is still very much apparent. Just as we plant the same seeds around the world, they are turning into the same suburbs and satellite towns, only the residents are different. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |